Summary

New research suggests humans and Neanderthals interbred around 45,000 years ago, refining earlier estimates.

Genetic analysis of ancient human remains from the Czech Republic and Germany revealed Neanderthal DNA, aiding in pinpointing the timeline.

A separate study highlights how Neanderthal genes related to immunity and metabolism helped early humans adapt outside Africa.

Modern humans still carry Neanderthal genetic traits, influencing skin color, hair color, and nose shape. Future studies aim to further unravel humanity’s genetic history and connections to extinct relatives like Denisovans.