The worst justice department so far.

There was a lot going on. The final count used had bush up by 537 votes out of 5.8 million cast. The close margin triggered a recount and Bush dropped to 327 vote lead.

Nadar probably cost the democrats more votes then republicans by greater then that 327. But there were other things that hurt Gore. Some intentional some random.

There were ballot design issues. In areas where the butterfly ballot was used Buchanan (who was also a 3rd party candidate) got way more votes than elsewhere. So if you wanted Gore saw him under Bush and selected the dot below you voted for Buchanan. See below.

Bush. O

/ O Buchanan

Gore. O

In another democratic area the ballot had the presidential race split on the front and back page. 21,000 votes were invalidated because they had multiple selections for president.

There was a large purge of mostly black felon voters. 15% weren’t felons.

Then there were lawsuits trying to stop and start recounts in both state and federal court. The state supreme court ordered recounts while they decided if the recount should be used. Then they decided the recount should be used and set a date it was du. Then the US supreme court stopped the recount. Several days later they decided there wasn’t time for a recount and ordered the Bush ahead by 537 count to be used.

So honestly it probably took all the above to swing the final count to Bush from Gore. I’m guessing if any one had not happened Gore would have been president.

A personal note I live in Florida and that was the first election I voted in. My vote for president has never be closer to making a difference in who was president. It’s shaped my views on elections and voting.

It means removal of 1/10th. deci 1/10 matus remove. So yes decimation was the name of the Roman punishment where 1/10 of a group was killed. But it can be applied to any group of people or things.

It’s the mathematical term for the range in a log scale. 1-10, 10-100, 100-1000, …

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)

The range is set up so that [standard value] + 10% just meets [ next standard value] -10%. They make a batch targeting 1k and test them to sort by tolerance. If they are off by more than 10% they just become 1.2k 10% or 820 10%.

Black brown red orange yellow green blue violet gray white. Bad booze rots our young guts but vodka goes well. Or a more objectional version Bad boys rape our young girls but violet gives willingly.

Red red brown is 220 next color is tolerance. Blue would be .25%.

St. Petersburg is know as Gods waiting room because of the large number of retires. Looks like rhett don’t have to wait much longer.

If only he had some way of reducing the amount of bombing.

It comes down to how transformative the work is. They look at things like how much of the existing work you used and how much creative changes were made.

So grabbing your 9 favorite paintings and putting them in 3x3 grid is not going to give you fair use.

Cutting out sections of faces from different works and stitching them together into a franken face could give you enough for fair use if you made it different enough.

There were similar debates about photographs and copyright. It was decided photographs can be copyrighted even though the camera does most of the work.

Even when you have copyright on something you don’t have protection from fair use. Creativity and being transformative are the two biggest things that give a work greater copyright protection from fair use. They at are also what can give you the greatest protection when claiming fair use.

See the Obama hope poster vs the photograph it was based on. It’s to bad they came to an settlement on that one. I’d have loved to see the courts decision.

As far as training data that is clearly a question of fair use. There are a ton of lawsuits about this right now so we will start to see how the courts decide things in the coming years.

I think what is clear is some amount of training and the resulting models fall under fair use. There is also some level of training that probably exceeds fair use.

To determine fair use 4 things are considered. https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/

1 Purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes.

This is going to vary a lot from training model to training model.

Nature of the copyrighted work.

Creative works have more protection. So training on a data set of a broad set of photographs is more likely to be fair use than training on a collection of paintings. Factual information is completly protected.

-> Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole.

I think ai training is safe here. Once trained the ai data set usually doesn’t contain the copyrighted works or reproduce them.

Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

Here is where ai training presumably has the weakest fair use argument.

Courts have to look at all 4 factors and decide on the balance between them. It’s going to take years for this to be decided.

Even without ai there are still lots of questions about what is and isn’t fair use.

The war was VaulTec’s intended plan and they arranged for China to launch the first strike.

The solution for this is usually counter training. Granted my experience is on the opposite end training ai vision systems to id real objects.

So you train up your detector ai on hand tagged images. When it gets good you use it to train a generator ai until the generator is good at fooling the detector.

Then you train the detector on new tagged real data and the new ai generated data. Once it’s good at detection again you train the generator ai on the new detector.

Repeate several times and you usually get a solid detector and a good generator as a side effect.

The thing is you need new real human tagged data for each new generation. None of the companies want to generate new human tagged data sets as it’s expensive.

Kimono

I have it on good authority that Lake Superior never gives up her dead.

Fair point.

I get the joke but Auschwitz was in Poland. They were careful to keep all the concentration camps out of Germany.

It’s not meant to be able to be passed. It’s just a way of giving them a reason to deny you a vote if your skin was the wrong color.

Because it’s easy at the local level to selectivity apply the rules and only allow the people you want to vote. Here is an actual literacy test that was used. Hint if you were white you passed if not you failed.

Actually it’s the name for a mix of vinegar, garlic, and herbs that was a home remedy to help prevent the plague.